Definition

1. Conjunction:
   • Besides, in addition, furthermore: Used to introduce an additional point, fact, or consideration beyond what has already been stated. It connects ideas, adding supplementary information to the main topic.
   • Apart from that, otherwise: Can be used to indicate an alternative or to state what is excluded from the previous statement.

Usage Examples

• Introducing an additional point:

  • Anh ấy rất thông minh. Ngoài ra, anh ấy còn rất chăm chỉ. (He is very intelligent. Besides, he is also very hardworking.)
  • Cửa hàng bán quần áo. Ngoài ra, họ còn bán giày dép. (The store sells clothes. In addition, they also sell shoes.)

• Stating an alternative or exclusion:

  • Tôi chỉ muốn nghỉ ngơi, ngoài ra không muốn gì cả. (I just want to rest, apart from that I don't want anything else.)
  • Chúng tôi đã thử mọi cách, ngoài ra không còn lựa chọn nào khác. (We have tried every method, otherwise there is no other choice.)

Advanced Usage

• "Ngoài ra, còn...": A common structure to emphasize the existence of something additional.
  • Ngoài ra, tôi còn có một đề nghị quan trọng. (Furthermore, I also have an important proposal.)
• Used at the beginning of a sentence or clause to transition to new, supporting information in formal and informal writing and speech.

Variants and Related Words

• Hơn nữa (Conjunction): Moreover, furthermore. Often interchangeable with but can sound slightly more emphatic.
  • Cô ấy đẹp. Hơn nữa, cô ấy rất tốt bụng. (She is beautiful. Moreover, she is very kind.)
• Thêm vào đó (Phrase): In addition to that. Functions similarly to .
  • Dự án tốn kém. Thêm vào đó, nó cần nhiều thời gian. (The project is expensive. In addition, it requires a lot of time.)
• Vả lại (Conjunction): Besides, moreover (often used to add a justifying or explanatory point).
  • Trời mưa to. Vả lại, tôi cũng mệt nên không đi. (It's raining heavily. Besides, I'm tired so I won't go.)

Synonyms

• Bên cạnh đó: Besides that, alongside that.
• Đồng thời: Simultaneously, at the same time (can be used to add a concurrent point).
• Phụ thêm: As an addition.

Related Phrases

• Ngoài... ra: A prepositional structure meaning "apart from..., besides...".
  • Ngoài tiếng Anh ra, cô ấy còn biết tiếng Pháp. (Apart from English, she also knows French.)
• Ngoài ra không có gì khác: Apart from that, there is nothing else.
  • Công việc chỉ có vậy, ngoài ra không có gì khác. (The job is just that, apart from that there is nothing else.)

Notes on Usage

• Position in Sentence: Typically used at the beginning of a clause or sentence to link it to the previous statement.
• Formality: Neutral; appropriate for both spoken and written Vietnamese in various contexts.
• Punctuation: Often followed by a comma when starting a sentence or an independent clause.

1. besides; beyond; thereto
   • ngoài ra nó còn nhiều người khác nữa
     there are others besides him